After observing Ramadan fasts, the charity of Fitr, on every male, female, child or elder person is obligatory (Farz) According to Imam Shafi Rah. and as per Imam Azam Rah. it is mandetory (Wajib). (Noorul Hadaya, Ghayatul Autar)
The payment of prescribed charity for Ramadan (Fitrah) becomes mandatory from the Eid-ul-Fitr morning. But according to Imam Shafai Rah, it is essential from the sunset (Last day of Ramadan). (N.G.)
If a person dies before Eid morning or a child is born after Eid morning or somebody accepts Islam, it is not necessary for them to pay fitrah. (Noorul Hadaya, Ghayatul Autar)
Payment of Fitrah before Eid is also permissible. (Noorul Hadaya, Ghayatul Autar)
If Fitrah could not be paid on Eid day it can be paid at anytime when one gets a chance for it, delay in payment of Fitrah does not render its responsibility null and void since its payment is mandatory (Wajib). (Noorul Hadaya)
The responsibility for payment of Fitrah of children lies on the shoulders of their parents or guardians. If they do not pay it is mandatory on the children themselves to pay it after maturity. Likewise it is mandatory on the guardian of an insane person to pay Fitrah. If they do not pay he will have to pay it himself after coming back to senses. After getting his daughter married and sending her to her husband's home, the father will not be responsible for the payment of Fitrah for his daughter. Payment of Fitrah to one person by a group of people is permissible and in the same way payment of Fitrah by one man to two people is also permissible. Hzt. Karkhi Rah. and others are having differences in this opinion, as described in Mohit, it is said that distribution of Fitrah is neither suitable nor good, it is undesirable (Makrooh). It is better to give Fitrah for self and for children to one person only just as Hzt. Ibne Masood Raz. did. (Kama Fiul Tamartashi)
Important:- In Grohe Mubarak
(Mahdavia) too it is a tradition to give Fitrah to the saint (Murshid)(1) .
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Wheat or its flour or beverage flour (Sattu) or dried grapes half sa'a, Date or (jao) joint wheat or its flour one sa'a. But according to Imam Shafi Rah. the quantity is one sa'a in respect of all the above items.
Sa'a is a measure which can hold 8 Ratal mash or masoor. (Noorul Hadaya)
Sa'a means Iraqui sa'a and it is equivalent to four ma'n and a ma'n is equal to 20 Qirath and Qirath is equal to 5 Jao. (Noorul Hadaya)
According to Imam Shafai Rah. sa'a means sa'a of Hijaz As per Imam Abu-Yousuf Rah, and Imam Shafai Rah, a saa is equivalent to 5 1/3 Rathals. (Noorul Hadaya)
According to the verdict issued by Madarsa Nizamia of the Govt. of the HEH the Nizam of Hyderabad, half a sa'a is equal to 94 tolas and 9 masas 4 ratties of the British Ser, 12 masas less 1¼ Ser. If for precautionary measure 1¼ English Ser is given then it is sufficient for Fitrah. Where the lenguish is not used, the Fitrah may be paid with tolas equal to 12 Masa each the quantity would be 94 Tola 9 Masa & 4 Rati. If anybody gives more, it will be counted as charity from him and spending in charity is no extravagance.
Allah says:-
(S57-A7) "Those of you who accepted Islam and spent (In good cause) will get great
reward".
The Prophet (PBUH) had said:-
O Bilal (Raz.) spend whatever is in your possession. Do not be afraid of poverty from
Allah.
(Miskath Shareef)
Important: Sadaqai Fitr is better paid in the form of money when the grain is cheap and in the shape of food grains at the time of famine. (Durre Mukhtar, Miartil Falah)