Allah says:
(S 62 - A9) O’ people who have faith in Allah, when the call is proclaimed to prayer
on Friday
do haste for rememberance of Allah and leave selling (of articles).
Hadees Shareef:-
Hzt. Nabi Kareem Sal'am said Juma prayer is a truth (Haq) and its offering in
congregation,
is essential (Wajib) on every Muslim, except four people, a slave, a boy, a sick, a
woman.
It is narrated by Abu Dawood from Tareq Bin Shahab. (Noorul Hadaya)
It is clarified that the Friday prayer is obligatory (Farz) and one who denies it is an infidel (kafir). But there are many conditions for its being obligatory. These conditions are discussed in many books on Islamic law (Fiqah) in details and verdicts (Fatwas) are also issued.
In the absence of any of these conditions which are necessary, if anybody performs Juma prayer, his prayer will be void. i.e. the responsibility of Zuhr Farz prayer will not be over. He will have to offer Zuhr prayer afresh. Then the Juma prayer will be counted as Nafil and performance of Nafil prayer with such importance is undesirable (Makrooh). Therefore offering Juma prayer under these circumstances, is highly undesirable (Makrooh-e-Tahreem) (Durre Mukhtar)
Juma prayer is offered at the time of Zuhr. Before Juma prayer according to Imam Abu Hanifa Rah. a short Khutbah (Lecture) should be delivered (Equal to counting beads at least once in glorification of Allah). In view of Imam Mohammed Rah, and Imam Abu Yousuf Rah. a long Khutbah (Lecture) should be delivered. And as per Imam Shafi Rah. Two Khutbahs (Lectures) are essential. But according to Imam Azam Rah. reciting Two Khutbahs is traditional (Sunnat). Every Khutbah should be in praise of Allah, with invocation and instructions to the congregation for piety (Taqua). The Imam should have proper cleanliness (Taharat), he should stand up on the pulpit (Mimber) and deliver two Khutbahs. He should sit once in between the two Khutbahs. The Imam after completing Khutbah sit on the pulpit (Mimber) and the Moazzin should call the Azan the second time, by standing infront of the Imam. Delivering long Khutbah is undesirable (Makrooh), when the Imam stands for Khutbah all the people present should remain silent and listen to him attentively. All sorts of activities like talking, admonishing, making signs, offering prayer and reciting Durood Shareef, Tasbeeh or any other supplications are strictly forbidden during the Khutbah by the Imam. After both the Khutbahs (Lectures) the Moazzin is to call the Iqamat (Call for congregation prayer to stand) and the Imam should offer two Rakats Farz of Juma prayer in congregation. (Noorul Hadaya)
Eid prayer is Wajib (Essential) according to Imam Azam Rah. and in view of many Imams it is Sunnah.
The conditions defined for the offering of Juma prayer (Friday) are applicable to Eid prayer, as well, with the exception of Khutbah which is not treated a condition for Eid prayer. But it is Sunnat and is delivered after Eid prayer. (Noorul Hadaya, Ghayatul Autar)
The time of Eid prayer begins when the sunrises to a spears height and ends before it starts decline. Offering Eid prayer before the sunrises to the said height is wrong and prohibited. The height of a spear is equal to three yards. (Shami, Ghayatul Autar)
On the day of Eidul Fitr (the Eid after Ramadhan) eating dates in odd numbers or some other sweet before Eid prayer is desirable (Mustahab). (Noorul Hadaya, Ghayatul Autar)
It is better to offer Eidul Fitr prayer late and Eiduz Zuha (sacrificial Eid) prayer early. (Alamgiri, Qazi Khan)
It is writen in Qeena (Islamic law book) that offering Eid prayer in a village is undesirable to the point of prohibition. (Makrooh-e-Tahreemi). Offering Eid prayer in a village is like engaging in a wrong action. Since the precondition for offering Eid prayer is a town and a village does no fulfill this condition. If it is offered in a village it will not be counted as Eid prayer but it will be a Nafil prayer in congregation, and it is undesirable. (Makrooh). (Ghayatul Autar)
Taking meals after offering Eid-uz-Zuha (sacrifical Eid) prayer is desirable (Mustahab). No matter if sacrifice is not offered. If some one eats before offering Eid prayer, it will not be grieviously undesirable (Makrooh-e-Tahreemi). The things which are used for breaking the fast may be avoided till the Eid prayer. Because through the Sahaba Raz (the companions of the Prophet Sal'am) it is establishing through continuous reports that on the Eid day of the Eid-uz-Zuha the children were prevented from eating and babies from sucking milk. (Kazafie Altahtavi, Ghayatul Autar)
The Namaz (prayer) is a gift of Allah, a Divine Light an Excellent Blessing of Allah. The Ruku (bending) Sijdah (Prostration), Qa’ida (sitting) Qiyam (Standing), etc. are the pillars of the Namaz. Performing them properly makes the Namaz (prayer) perfect and acceptable. If any of these principles is performed hastily or in a defective manner the Namaz becomes defective and waste.
Hzt. Abu Huraira Raz. narrates that Hzt. Mohammed Sal'am came to the Mosque. At that time a person came and offered prayer and offered his salam to the prophet, He replied his Sal'am and told him to go and repeat the prayer as it was defective. The man performed it the second time in the same way, again he made salam to the Rasoolullah Sal'am. The prophet replied Valakum Salam and ordered him to say the prayer again as he had not performed correctly. He performed it three times and all the three times he was asked to repeat it. Then he swore on Allah and said that he cannot perform better prayer, The Prophet Sal'am advised him that when he stood for prayer he should have been erect and proclaim Takbeer (Allaho Akber) recite as much Quran as he could, then bow down in Ruku in a normal way, then resume to standing position and then make sijdah also in a very normal way and then raise his head and sit a while and then make another sijdah and complete his prayer in that manner. (Saheeh Muslim Bukhari Shareef)
Hzt. Nabi Kareem Sal'am said "the worst among thieves is one who steals time from the Namaz. He performs every action hastily, without giving its due time (Pause). Allah says in Holy Quran about people who perform prayer without sincerity, defective and un-accomplished."
(S2 -177) "It is not a virtuous deed to turn your face towards the
direction of east or west".
We should go to Mosque for prayer in decent dress like a courtier attending the royal courts, Allah Himself ordered to decorate for the prayer.
(S7 - A31) O’ children of Adam (A.S.) wear you r beautiful apprarel for every prayer
The saintly people always practised it, so the writer has always seen his (Murshid) spiritual guide (May Allah shower His blessings, grace and forgiveness on him) putting a Pagdi (a turban with out the tale) a narrow sleeved, achkan or a frilled gown (Angarkha) and used to tie his waist with a cloth band (Rumal) for each prayer.
Important: The dress in which we do not like to go between peoples, in that dress prayer is undesirable (Makrooh). (Noorul Hadaya)
Allah says:
(S2- 238) Take care and protect all prayers, especially the middle Namaz (prayer)
The comentators of Quran have said that it is (the middle prayer) Asr prayer. While commanding for protection of Five times prayer, it is particularly instructed to attain the middle ('Asr) prayer because it is the time for the rich people for recreation and important hour for business people for sale and purchase. Therefore it is specially warned so that we may not miss this prayer at any cost, engaging ourselves in worldly affairs.
Hzt. Nabi Kareem Sal'am said one who missed Asr prayer is like a person whose every thing
is completely destroyed.